Instrument Syllabus Section 2
2A - Aircraft Control and Stability
Fundamentals of Attitude Instrument Flying Using Control Instruments
Assignments
- OF - Fundamentals of IFR Aircraft Control
- OF - Control Coordination
Activities
- Control and stability exercises
- Set pitch, bank, and power as instructed by CFI
- Control and stability using backup attitude indicator
- Use of trim when stable
- Log instrument time from lesson
Completion Standards
When complete, the pilot
- is able to hold the aircraft stable at a specified pitch and/or bank angle.
- is able to use throttle and tachometer to set specified power settings.
- can smoothly roll into, maintain, and roll out of turns with rudder coordination.
- can smoothly transition between straight-and-level flight, climbs, and descents.
- effectively uses trim to relieve control pressures in stable flight.
- effectively uses the attitude indicator and understands the central role it plays in instrument flight.
- has appropriately logged instrument time.
2B - Control and Performance
Instrument Flight Using All Control and Performance Instruments
Reference
Assignments
Activities
- Fundamentals of instrument flight: cross-check, interpretation, control
- Precision (constant rate) and nonprecision (constant airspeed) descent
- Instrument flight profiles (power and attitude)
- Standard-rate level turns to headings
- Combined maneuvers (climbing and descending turns)
Completion Standards
When complete, the pilot
- understands the difference between control instruments and performance instruments.
- has developed a standard and efficient instrument scan.
- maintains rudder coordination in turns, climbs, and descents.
- has memorized pitch and power settings for basic IFR flight profiles.
- uses appropriate power settings and makes smooth transitions between instrument flight profiles.
- can perform a standard rate turn while maintaining altitude and airspeed.
- uses the 3 T’s in the correct sequence when making control and performance changes.
2C - Partial Panel Operations
Instrument Flight with Inoperative Instruments
Assignments
- OF - Timer Use
- OF - Normal Instrument Flight on a Partial Panel (ASA 8)
- OF - Malfunction or Loss of Flight Instruments
Activities
- Simulation of partial panel in the cockpit
- Partial panel instrument scan
- Timed turns
- Compass turns and behavior of the magnetic compass
- Pitch changes in absence of pitch reference
- Instrument flight profiles under partial panel
Completion Standards
When complete, the pilot
- has developed a standard and efficient instrument scan for operations with inoperative flight instruments.
- can maintain straight and level flight accurately under partial panel.
- can execute a specified heading change using magnetic compass and/or timed turns under partial panel.
- sets appropriate power settings and makes smooth transitions between instrument flight profiles under partial panel.
2D - Introduction to Charted Patterns
Charted Procedures that Specify Headings and Altitudes
Assignments
- OF - About Charted Patterns
- OF - Autopilot Fundamentals
Activities
- Pattern A (heading changes and timing)
- Pattern B (other than cardinal headings, and partial turns)
- Pattern C (changes in airspeed, and changes in altitude)
- Pattern D (all IFR flight profiles)
- Patterns with autopilot (HDG, ALT)
Completion Standards
When complete, the pilot
- can simultaneously interpret and follow charted patterns that require changes of headings, altitudes, and/or airspeeds.
- consistently uses Ts when changing direction, altitude, or speed.
- uses timer accurately for tracking en route changes and elapsed time.
- is able to maintain altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, and heading ±10°.
- can successfully program the autopilot to maintain heading, hold altitude, and establish a climb or descent.
2E - Recovery From Unusual Attitude
Recovery from Unusual Attitude Solely by Instrument Reference
Assignments
- OF - Unusual Attitudes (ASA 7)
- OF - Hazards of Unusual Attitudes
Activities
- Recovery from nose-up unusual attitude
- Recovery from nose-down unusual attitude
- Recovery from unusual attitude under partial panel
Completion Standards
When complete, the pilot
- can positively identify an unusual aircraft attitude using either full panel and partial panel.
- can recover to straight and level flight from nose-up and nose-down unusual attitudes without exceeding aircraft structural limitations.
2F - Associated Ground Topics
Acquire the Knowledge Needed to Support the Flight Skills of This Section
Assignments
- OF - Human Factors (IFH 3)
- OF - Equipment Required for IFR Flight
- OF - Verifying Operation of Flight Instruments
Completion Standards
When complete, the pilot
- understands the operation of the flight instruments and other aircraft systems.
- knows FAA regulations associated with the flight instruments and equipment.
- knows what equipment is required for IFR operations.
- understands the human factors related to flight without outside visual reference.
- is familiar with visual illusions that can occur in IMC.